Umber
A dark brown earth pigment containing iron and manganese; cooler raw, warmer when roasted.
Also: raw umber, burnt umber
Umber is the darkest of the common earth pigments. Besides iron oxide it contains manganese, which deepens the colour and makes oil paint dry faster. Raw umber is a cool, slightly greenish brown. Roasted, it becomes burnt umber, a warm dark brown. Painters use both for shadows and for underpainting. The name is often linked to Umbria in central Italy, though it may come from the Latin word for shadow. Much of the best umber has traditionally come from Cyprus.