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Rang

The cotton castle

Pamukkale

A hillside of white mineral terraces holding pale blue pools, formed by hot springs in western Turkey.

Pamukkale, Denizli 2026
Photo: Biologg, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Why Pamukkale is travertine white

Pamukkale means cotton castle in Turkish. It is a slope in south-western Turkey where hot spring water, rich in dissolved calcium carbonate, runs down the hillside. As the water cools it leaves behind a white stone called travertine. Over thousands of years this has built a cascade of white shelves and basins, filled with shallow water that looks pale blue against the white. From a distance the hill seems to be covered in snow or cotton. At the top are the ruins of Hierapolis, a spa city of Greek and Roman times. Visitors must walk the terraces barefoot to protect them. The site became a World Heritage Site in 1988.

Travertine white#F6F6F3Pool turquoise#7FD1D6Ruin stone#C9B99AHill green#6F8F5A

Values are fair approximations of what the eye sees there, not measurements.

Colours tied to Pamukkale

WhiteThe lightest colour, seen in snow, milk and chalk, and opposite to black
About this page

Written by the Rang desk with AI assistance. Background: "Pamukkale" on Wikipedia. If you know Pamukkale and we have it wrong, tell us.

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Photo credits on this page

The small pictures above come from Wikimedia Commons under free licences. Some are cropped to fit.

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